Airffic Inspection无人机巡检未来指南

REGULATIONS

各国法规

注册、飞手执照、超视距、靠近结构物飞行和室内飞行——针对检测作业逐国比较。

关于航拍一侧,航拍指南列出了各国无人机航拍规则与来源。

关于检查以外的无人机规则,请参阅各国无人机规则一览。

国家/地区主管部门BVLOS状态
日本日本国土交通省(MLIT)航空局(JCAB)目視外飛行は特定飛行で、カテゴリーIIとして許可・承認(または技能証明+機体認証での一部省略)が必要。無人地帯で補助者なしの目視外=レベル3、2023年12月新設のレベル3.5は技能証明保有・保険加入・機上カメラによる歩行者等確認を条件に補助者・看板による立入管理を不要とする。…已对照官方来源核实
韩国国土交通部(MOLIT);韩国交通安全公团(TS);韩国航空安全技术院(KIAST,负责特殊飞行批准的安全检查)Night and BVLOS flights need special flight approval (특별비행승인) under Aviation Safety Act Article 129(5). Applications go through the Drone O…已对照官方来源核实
中国国务院和中央军事委员会(空域/飞行管理);中国民用航空局(CAAC)No separate BVLOS category in the regulation; flights in controlled airspace (including above 120 m true height and around airports, border…已对照官方来源核实
印度民航总局(DGCA);民航部(MoCA)The 2022 MoCA backgrounder on the Drone Rules does not cover BVLOS, and the draft 2025 Bill leaves BVLOS to future rules. Case-by-case BVLO…已对照官方来源核实
新加坡新加坡民航局(CAAS)BVLOS requires an Operator Permit and a Class 1 Activity Permit. The operator-permit application must cover the intended operation and envi…已对照官方来源核实
越南国防部(飞行许可、飞行员执照、技术标准);公安部(登记);越南民航局/建设部(涉及民用航空时的协调)BVLOS needs a Class B pilot certificate (drones of 2 kg or more) and a flight permit from the Ministry of National Defence.已对照官方来源核实
泰国泰国民航局(CAAT);国家广播和电信委员会(NBTC)BVLOS falls outside the standard conditions (VLOS only, no navigation by FPV or onboard camera alone). It needs CAAT permission applied for…已对照官方来源核实
印度尼西亚印度尼西亚交通部民航总局(DGCA)The pilot, visual observer and flight operator must keep unaided VLOS (107.31). BVLOS needs an exemption from 107.31 under 107.200, based o…已对照官方来源核实
澳大利亚民航安全局(CASA)BVLOS is outside the standard operating conditions, so it needs an RePL, a ReOC and a CASA approval. Excluded-category operators cannot app…已对照官方来源核实
新西兰新西兰民航局Under Part 101 the pilot must keep VLOS at all times; FPV is allowed only with a trained observer who keeps visual contact. BVLOS under Par…已对照官方来源核实
美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part …已对照官方来源核实
加拿大加拿大交通部民航局(TCCA)Since 4 Nov 2025, lower-risk BVLOS is allowed without SFOC for Level 1 Complex pilots under an RPOC: uncontrolled airspace, below 122 m (40…已对照官方来源核实
墨西哥联邦民航局(Agencia Federal de Aviación Civil,AFAC),隶属于基础设施、通信和交通部(SICT)Micro and small RPAS must stay within VLOS and no more than 457 m (1,500 ft) horizontally from the pilot. Private and commercial operators …已对照官方来源核实
巴西国家民航局(ANAC);空域控制局(DECEA);国家电信局(ANATEL)BVLOS means any operation that does not meet VLOS or EVLOS conditions. Such flights fall in the Specific category and need a standard scena…已对照官方来源核实
智利智利民航总局(DGAC)According to the DGAC presentation, BVLOS was enabled in 2020 with a maximum range of 5 km, a maximum altitude of 1,200 ft and precision-te…已对照官方来源核实
阿根廷阿根廷国家民航局(ANAC)BVLOS is not expressly addressed in the official summary. Since Open is limited to visual line of sight, BVLOS falls in the Specific catego…已对照官方来源核实
英国英国民航局(CAA)BVLOS needs a Specific-category operational authorisation via UK SORA, which replaced the Operating Safety Case (OSC) route on 23 April 202…已对照官方来源核实
德国联邦航空局(Luftfahrt-Bundesamt,LBA)负责运营人登记、远程飞行员考试与证书、LUC 以及认证类别;各州航空主管机关(Landesluftfahrtbehörden)负责特定类别的运行授权、开放类别运行的监督以及地理区域许可;联邦交通部(BMV)BVLOS is in the Specific category: an STS-02 declaration or an operating authorisation based on PDRA or SORA. Authorisation application nee…已对照官方来源核实
法国民航总局(DGAC);其下属的民航安全局(DSAC)签发特定类别授权;省长批准地方性豁免(夜间、高度、城市开放类别飞行)BVLOS is possible under STS-02 (C6 drone), PDRA-G01 to G03 (BVLOS over sparsely populated areas with defined airspace/trajectory conditions…已对照官方来源核实
西班牙国家航空安全局(AESA);内政部(城市/人群上空运行的报备);民航总局和 CIDETRA 负责分区和 U-spaceBVLOS requires the Specific category: EU STS-02 (C6), a PDRA or a SORA-based authorisation from AESA. National STS-ES are no longer usable …已对照官方来源核实
意大利国家民航局(ENAC);通过 D-Flight 门户办理登记和声明BVLOS is a Specific-category operation: EU STS-02 declaration (C6) or an ENAC operational authorisation based on a risk assessment (the ENA…已对照官方来源核实
荷兰人居环境与交通监察局(ILT,作为荷兰民航局)负责特定类别许可、STS 声明和执法;RDW 负责运营人登记;基础设施与水管理部(IenW)负责分区政策;LVNL 在 GoDrone 应用中发布空域限制BVLOS requires the Specific category (ILT permit or STS-02 declaration). Specific ILT procedure for BVLOS (not verified against an official…已对照官方来源核实
瑞士联邦民航局(FOCA / BAZL / OFAC);各州和市镇可另行增加环境和人身保护方面的限制BVLOS through STS-02 (C6 drone, sparsely populated area, controlled ground area), a PDRA, or a SORA-based FOCA authorisation (FOCA publishe…已对照官方来源核实
瑞典瑞典交通局(Transportstyrelsen);LFV 发布无人机地图(Drönarkartan);Lantmäteriet 签发航拍影像的传播许可;Sjöfartsverket 负责海底影像BVLOS requires the Specific category: STS-02 declaration (C6), PDRA-G01 to G03, or a SORA-based authorisation from Transportstyrelsen (SORA…已对照官方来源核实
挪威挪威民航局(Luftfartstilsynet / CAA Norway);Avinor 和机场塔台负责机场区域的许可;国家安全局(NSM)负责机载传感器限制区CAA Norway notes that many Specific-category operations are BVLOS; they need a SORA- or PDRA-based authorisation or an STS-02 declaration. …已对照官方来源核实
丹麦丹麦民航与铁路局(Trafikstyrelsen);交通部(紧急禁令和豁免,由国家警察评估申请)BVLOS requires a Specific-category route (STS-02 with C6, PDRA or SORA) via Trafikstyrelsen. Danish BVLOS specifics (not verified against a…已对照官方来源核实
阿拉伯联合酋长国民航总局(GCAA);各酋长国层面的“主管机关”,例如迪拜民航局(DCAA);内政部(禁飞和恢复飞行的决定)(not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22)已对照官方来源核实
沙特阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯民航总局(GACA)BVLOS is an advanced operation. It needs an OA or UOC with a strong safety case and ATC approval for segregated airspace, a visual observer…已对照官方来源核实
南非南非民航局(SACAA)BVLOS is prohibited unless the Director approves it in a UASOC holder's operations manual, which requires meeting SA-CATS 101. Approved BVL…已对照官方来源核实
以色列以色列民航局(CAAI);国防部长(根据《航空法》发布的特别安全命令)The 2020 draft did not provide for BVLOS beyond waiver-style licensing. National BVLOS and delivery programmes have run, but the general ap…草稿(尚未对照官方来源核实)