REGULATIONS
各国法规
注册、飞手执照、超视距、靠近结构物飞行和室内飞行——针对检测作业逐国比较。
关于航拍一侧,航拍指南列出了各国无人机航拍规则与来源。
关于检查以外的无人机规则,请参阅各国无人机规则一览。
| 国家/地区 | 主管部门 | BVLOS | 状态 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 日本 | 日本国土交通省(MLIT)航空局(JCAB) | 目視外飛行は特定飛行で、カテゴリーIIとして許可・承認(または技能証明+機体認証での一部省略)が必要。無人地帯で補助者なしの目視外=レベル3、2023年12月新設のレベル3.5は技能証明保有・保険加入・機上カメラによる歩行者等確認を条件に補助者・看板による立入管理を不要とする。… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 韩国 | 国土交通部(MOLIT);韩国交通安全公团(TS);韩国航空安全技术院(KIAST,负责特殊飞行批准的安全检查) | Night and BVLOS flights need special flight approval (특별비행승인) under Aviation Safety Act Article 129(5). Applications go through the Drone O… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 中国 | 国务院和中央军事委员会(空域/飞行管理);中国民用航空局(CAAC) | No separate BVLOS category in the regulation; flights in controlled airspace (including above 120 m true height and around airports, border… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 印度 | 民航总局(DGCA);民航部(MoCA) | The 2022 MoCA backgrounder on the Drone Rules does not cover BVLOS, and the draft 2025 Bill leaves BVLOS to future rules. Case-by-case BVLO… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 新加坡 | 新加坡民航局(CAAS) | BVLOS requires an Operator Permit and a Class 1 Activity Permit. The operator-permit application must cover the intended operation and envi… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 越南 | 国防部(飞行许可、飞行员执照、技术标准);公安部(登记);越南民航局/建设部(涉及民用航空时的协调) | BVLOS needs a Class B pilot certificate (drones of 2 kg or more) and a flight permit from the Ministry of National Defence. | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 泰国 | 泰国民航局(CAAT);国家广播和电信委员会(NBTC) | BVLOS falls outside the standard conditions (VLOS only, no navigation by FPV or onboard camera alone). It needs CAAT permission applied for… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 印度尼西亚 | 印度尼西亚交通部民航总局(DGCA) | The pilot, visual observer and flight operator must keep unaided VLOS (107.31). BVLOS needs an exemption from 107.31 under 107.200, based o… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 澳大利亚 | 民航安全局(CASA) | BVLOS is outside the standard operating conditions, so it needs an RePL, a ReOC and a CASA approval. Excluded-category operators cannot app… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 新西兰 | 新西兰民航局 | Under Part 101 the pilot must keep VLOS at all times; FPV is allowed only with a trained observer who keeps visual contact. BVLOS under Par… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 美国 | 联邦航空管理局(FAA) | In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part … | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 加拿大 | 加拿大交通部民航局(TCCA) | Since 4 Nov 2025, lower-risk BVLOS is allowed without SFOC for Level 1 Complex pilots under an RPOC: uncontrolled airspace, below 122 m (40… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 墨西哥 | 联邦民航局(Agencia Federal de Aviación Civil,AFAC),隶属于基础设施、通信和交通部(SICT) | Micro and small RPAS must stay within VLOS and no more than 457 m (1,500 ft) horizontally from the pilot. Private and commercial operators … | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 巴西 | 国家民航局(ANAC);空域控制局(DECEA);国家电信局(ANATEL) | BVLOS means any operation that does not meet VLOS or EVLOS conditions. Such flights fall in the Specific category and need a standard scena… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 智利 | 智利民航总局(DGAC) | According to the DGAC presentation, BVLOS was enabled in 2020 with a maximum range of 5 km, a maximum altitude of 1,200 ft and precision-te… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 阿根廷 | 阿根廷国家民航局(ANAC) | BVLOS is not expressly addressed in the official summary. Since Open is limited to visual line of sight, BVLOS falls in the Specific catego… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 英国 | 英国民航局(CAA) | BVLOS needs a Specific-category operational authorisation via UK SORA, which replaced the Operating Safety Case (OSC) route on 23 April 202… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 德国 | 联邦航空局(Luftfahrt-Bundesamt,LBA)负责运营人登记、远程飞行员考试与证书、LUC 以及认证类别;各州航空主管机关(Landesluftfahrtbehörden)负责特定类别的运行授权、开放类别运行的监督以及地理区域许可;联邦交通部(BMV) | BVLOS is in the Specific category: an STS-02 declaration or an operating authorisation based on PDRA or SORA. Authorisation application nee… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 法国 | 民航总局(DGAC);其下属的民航安全局(DSAC)签发特定类别授权;省长批准地方性豁免(夜间、高度、城市开放类别飞行) | BVLOS is possible under STS-02 (C6 drone), PDRA-G01 to G03 (BVLOS over sparsely populated areas with defined airspace/trajectory conditions… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 西班牙 | 国家航空安全局(AESA);内政部(城市/人群上空运行的报备);民航总局和 CIDETRA 负责分区和 U-space | BVLOS requires the Specific category: EU STS-02 (C6), a PDRA or a SORA-based authorisation from AESA. National STS-ES are no longer usable … | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 意大利 | 国家民航局(ENAC);通过 D-Flight 门户办理登记和声明 | BVLOS is a Specific-category operation: EU STS-02 declaration (C6) or an ENAC operational authorisation based on a risk assessment (the ENA… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 荷兰 | 人居环境与交通监察局(ILT,作为荷兰民航局)负责特定类别许可、STS 声明和执法;RDW 负责运营人登记;基础设施与水管理部(IenW)负责分区政策;LVNL 在 GoDrone 应用中发布空域限制 | BVLOS requires the Specific category (ILT permit or STS-02 declaration). Specific ILT procedure for BVLOS (not verified against an official… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 瑞士 | 联邦民航局(FOCA / BAZL / OFAC);各州和市镇可另行增加环境和人身保护方面的限制 | BVLOS through STS-02 (C6 drone, sparsely populated area, controlled ground area), a PDRA, or a SORA-based FOCA authorisation (FOCA publishe… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 瑞典 | 瑞典交通局(Transportstyrelsen);LFV 发布无人机地图(Drönarkartan);Lantmäteriet 签发航拍影像的传播许可;Sjöfartsverket 负责海底影像 | BVLOS requires the Specific category: STS-02 declaration (C6), PDRA-G01 to G03, or a SORA-based authorisation from Transportstyrelsen (SORA… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 挪威 | 挪威民航局(Luftfartstilsynet / CAA Norway);Avinor 和机场塔台负责机场区域的许可;国家安全局(NSM)负责机载传感器限制区 | CAA Norway notes that many Specific-category operations are BVLOS; they need a SORA- or PDRA-based authorisation or an STS-02 declaration. … | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 丹麦 | 丹麦民航与铁路局(Trafikstyrelsen);交通部(紧急禁令和豁免,由国家警察评估申请) | BVLOS requires a Specific-category route (STS-02 with C6, PDRA or SORA) via Trafikstyrelsen. Danish BVLOS specifics (not verified against a… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 阿拉伯联合酋长国 | 民航总局(GCAA);各酋长国层面的“主管机关”,例如迪拜民航局(DCAA);内政部(禁飞和恢复飞行的决定) | (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22) | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 沙特阿拉伯 | 沙特阿拉伯民航总局(GACA) | BVLOS is an advanced operation. It needs an OA or UOC with a strong safety case and ATC approval for segregated airspace, a visual observer… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 南非 | 南非民航局(SACAA) | BVLOS is prohibited unless the Director approves it in a UASOC holder's operations manual, which requires meeting SA-CATS 101. Approved BVL… | 已对照官方来源核实 |
| 以色列 | 以色列民航局(CAAI);国防部长(根据《航空法》发布的特别安全命令) | The 2020 draft did not provide for BVLOS beyond waiver-style licensing. National BVLOS and delivery programmes have run, but the general ap… | 草稿(尚未对照官方来源核实) |