Airffic Inspection无人机巡检未来指南

REGULATIONS / ES

西班牙：检查用无人机规则

西班牙将欧盟规则与第 517/2024 号皇家法令（2024年6月 发布，废止 RD 1036/2017）相结合。关键基础设施周边区域（距线性设施 25 m、距其他设施 10 m、顶部以上 50 m 以内，以及桥面板下方 10 m 以内）需要业主事先明确许可，城市或人群上空作业须提前五天通知内政部。国家 STS-ES 场景已于 2025年12月31日 失效，因此超视距检查使用欧盟 STS-02、PDRA 或 SORA，完全室内飞行不属于该法令范围。

已对照官方来源核实

各字段按研究笔记的语言记录。

主管部门スペイン航空安全庁 (AESA)、内務省（市街地飛行の通報） / Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea (AESA); Ministry of the Interior (notification of urban/crowd operations); Dirección General de Aviación Civil and CIDETRA for zoning and U-space
主要框架EU Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945, complemented by Real Decreto 517/2024 of 4 June 2024 (BOE no. 136, 5 June 2024), which repeals RD 1036/2017 and entered into force 20 days after publication (per AESA). The RD sets general and particular UAS geographic zones, a single digital publication of zones, U-space designation by CIDETRA, and rules for non-EASA (state) operations.
注册Operator registration with AESA per EU thresholds (EASA: C1 and above, legacy 250 g-25 kg, and under-250 g drones with a camera that are not toys). Insurance (RD 517/2024 Art. 8): UAS of 20 kg MTOM or more must be insured under Regulation (EC) 785/2004; below 20 kg, civil liability cover is required for Open A2, Specific and Certified operations (limits per RD 37/2001), either per operation or continuous, and club/federation policies can count; other sub-20 kg operations are exempt.
远程识别（Remote ID）EU direct Remote ID rules apply (EASA). National detail (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
飞手执照EU A1/A3, A2 and STS competencies. RD 517/2024 adds rules for Specific-category training (designated entities; instructor, examiner and evaluator roles) and lowers the Open-category minimum age to 14 or 12 depending on subcategory and UAS (per AESA).
风险类别Open / Specific (EU STS-01/STS-02 declarations, PDRA, SORA authorisations from AESA) / Certified. The national standard scenarios (STS-ES) ceased to be valid on 31 Dec 2025, ending the coexistence with EU STS that began on 1 Jan 2024; training entities could file student declarations for STS-ES training completed by 31 Dec 2025 until 31 Jan 2026, and records must be kept 3 years.
超视距（BVLOS）BVLOS requires the Specific category: EU STS-02 (C6), a PDRA or a SORA-based authorisation from AESA. National STS-ES are no longer usable since 31 Dec 2025. Under RD 517/2024, operations in controlled airspace outside aerodromes/heliports up to 60 m no longer need coordination (per AESA).
夜间与人员上空Operators required to register who plan operations in urban environments or over gatherings of people must notify the Ministry of the Interior at least five calendar days in advance (RD 517/2024 Art. 40.3.a; one notice can cover several operations within a 5-day span), electronically via the Ministry's sede electrónica or on paper. Urban environment is defined in Art. 40.1 (built-up centres, residential/commercial/industrial areas with streets and lighting, public recreation areas). National night-flight conditions (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
靠近结构物RD 517/2024 Art. 39 creates zones around essential-service (critical) infrastructure: 25 m horizontally from the outer edges of linear infrastructure or 10 m from non-linear infrastructure (measured from fencing where present), and vertically up to 50 m above the highest point of the facility; for bridges the zone extends 10 m below the deck and 10 m from supports. Operations inside these zones need prior express permission from the infrastructure owner or manager (Art. 39.3), with exceptions for certain police, customs, intelligence and traffic bodies. Art. 38: defence and state-security zones need prior express permission from the owner/manager or the Ministry of Defence-designated authority. Aerodrome-protection zones exist under Art. 39.1.b (distances not read; not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). Zones are published in a single digital format (ENAIRE).
室内与受限空间RD 517/2024 (Art. 3.2.a) does not apply to operations carried out entirely indoors or where the aircraft is very unlikely to escape into open airspace.
影像与隐私RD 517/2024 provides for particular zones for privacy that CIDETRA or public administrations can initiate (per AESA). GDPR and the Spanish LOPDGDD apply (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
近期变化4-5 Jun 2024: RD 517/2024 approved and published, repealing RD 1036/2017 (in force 20 days after publication). 1 Jan 2024-31 Dec 2025: coexistence of national STS-ES and EU STS; 31 Dec 2025: STS-ES validity ended (AESA notice of 9 Dec 2025). 31 Jan 2026: last date for STS-ES training declarations.

如果同一次飞行还涉及拍摄，航拍指南介绍了西班牙无人机航拍的规则与来源。

关于一般飞行规则（不仅限于检查），请参阅西班牙无人机的关键规则（西班牙语）。

来源

来源已核对: 2026-10-22