Airffic Inspection无人机巡检未来指南

REGULATIONS / US

美国：检查用无人机规则

美国的商业检查依据 Part 107 进行，要求登记、Remote ID（自 2023年9月 起）和远程飞手证书。自 2021年4月 起，夜间飞行和人群上空飞行在满足条件的前提下无需豁免即可进行。在距建筑物 400 ft 范围内，无人机可爬升至建筑物顶部以上 400 ft，这有利于铁塔和烟囱检查。超视距仍需豁免或特许。Part 108 于 2025年8月 提出，最终规则于 2026年7月 送交 OIRA，但截至 2026年10月 尚无法确认其是否已发布。

已对照官方来源核实

各字段按研究笔记的语言记录。

主管部门米国連邦航空局 (FAA) / Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
主要框架14 CFR Part 107 (Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, <55 lb); 14 CFR Part 89 (Remote ID); proposed 14 CFR Part 108 (BVLOS) – NPRM only.
注册Part 107 drones must be registered regardless of weight ($5, valid 3 years, via FAADroneZone) and marked with the registration number. Recreational flyers register only above 250 g (0.55 lb) (threshold from prior knowledge, not re-read this session).
远程识别（Remote ID）Since 16 September 2023, drones requiring registration must broadcast Remote ID (standard RID or broadcast module) unless flown inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA). FAA enforcement discretion ended 16 March 2024 (date from prior knowledge).
飞手执照Remote Pilot Certificate: age 16+, English proficiency, pass the UAG aeronautical knowledge test, apply via IACRA (Form 8710-13); recurrent online training every 24 months.
风险类别Part 107 has no Open/Specific split; operations over people use Categories 1-4 (by aircraft weight/injury severity and means of compliance). Larger or BVLOS operations currently rely on waivers, Section 44807 exemptions or type certification (Part 21.17(b)).
超视距（BVLOS）In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part 108 (NPRM published 7 Aug 2025, 90 FR 38212; comments closed 6 Oct 2025, reopened 28 Jan-11 Feb 2026 on right-of-way/electronic conspicuity) would create operating permits (lower risk, e.g. aerial surveying up to 110 lb in population density category ≤3) and operating certificates (higher risk, SMS required), MTOW up to 1,320 lb, below 400 ft AGL, with DAA and Remote ID broadcast. The final rule was sent to OIRA on 10 July 2026; as of early-mid October 2026 secondary trackers report it still unpublished. Status as of 2026-10-22: proposal, not in force (not confirmed in the Federal Register).
夜间与人员上空Operations Over People and Night rule effective 21 April 2021: night flight allowed without waiver with updated training and anti-collision lighting; over people/moving vehicles allowed under Categories 1-4 conditions. Controlled-airspace night flights still need LAANC/DroneZone authorization.
靠近结构物14 CFR 107.51(b): max 400 ft AGL, except a drone may fly higher if within a 400 ft radius of a structure and not more than 400 ft above its highest point (useful for tall towers/chimneys). Part 108 NPRM includes provisions for 'shielded' areas near structures; details not verified this session. Section 2209 (critical infrastructure flight restrictions) rulemaking status: unverified.
室内与受限空间FAA generally does not regulate flights fully indoors (not in the National Airspace System); this is long-standing FAA guidance but was not re-verified on an official page this session.
影像与隐私No federal drone privacy rule; privacy and trespass are state law matters (many states have drone-specific statutes). Not reviewed in detail.
近期变化2024-03-16: end of Remote ID enforcement discretion. 2025-06-06: Executive Order 14307 directed BVLOS rulemaking. 2025-08-07: Part 108 NPRM. 2026-01-28 to 2026-02-11: reopened comment window. 2026-07-10: final rule at OIRA. As of 2026-10-22, no final Part 108 confirmed.

如果同一次飞行还涉及拍摄，航拍指南介绍了美国无人机航拍的规则与来源。

关于一般飞行规则（不仅限于检查），请参阅美国无人机的关键规则。

来源

来源已核对: 2026-10-22