REGULATIONS / FR
法国：检查用无人机规则
法国适用欧盟无人机规则，采用 AlphaTango 登记、特定类别的 DSAC 授权，以及省长对夜间和高度的豁免。用于线性基础设施检查的国家场景 S-1 至 S-3 已于 2026年1月1日 终止，剩下 STS-01（C5）和 STS-02（C6）声明或基于 PDRA/SORA 的授权。800 g 以上的无人机需要国家电子信号标识，建成区飞行属于特定类别，ZICAD 区域内禁止拍摄图像。
已对照官方来源核实
各字段按研究笔记的语言记录。
| 主管部门 | 民間航空総局 (DGAC) / 民間航空安全局 (DSAC) / Direction générale de l'aviation civile (DGAC); its Direction de la sécurité de l'aviation civile (DSAC) issues Specific-category authorisations; prefects grant local derogations (night, height, urban Open flights) |
| 主要框架 | EU Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945, plus the French arrêté of 3 Dec 2020 on airspace use by unmanned aircraft (amended 23 Dec 2025) and related national provisions (restricted image-capture zones ZICAD listed by an order of 2 Jan 2023). |
| 注册 | Operator registration on AlphaTango is required before any activity for drones over 250 g, or for non-toy drones with sensors able to collect personal data (camera, microphone). Specific-category operators must also be registered on AlphaTango and hold an operations manual (Manex). |
| 远程识别（Remote ID） | National electronic signalling (signalement électronique) is mandatory for drones and model aircraft over 800 g (exemptions for some model-club sites and tethered aircraft); foreign operators flying over 800 g in France must register on AlphaTango and fit a French electronic identification device. Since 1 Jan 2024 Specific-category drones must carry an EU electronic signalling (Remote ID) device. |
| 飞手执照 | Open category: minimum age 14 in France; A1/A3 online exam (40 questions, 75% pass) and A2 exam (30 questions, 75%) with practical training. Honour declarations for the BAPD are no longer valid since 1 Jan 2026. STS: theoretical certificate plus practical training attestation for STS-01/STS-02. Equivalence of the old national theoretical certificate to the STS certificate (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 风险类别 | Open / Specific (STS-01 with C5 drones, STS-02 with C6 drones by declaration; SORA-based authorisation from DSAC via the METEOR platform; French-language templates for PDRA-G01, G02, G03, S01, S02) / Certified. PDRA-S01/S02 extend STS-01/STS-02 conditions to drones without C5/C6 marks (VLOS). National scenarios S-1, S-2 and S-3 no longer exist since 1 Jan 2026. |
| 超视距（BVLOS） | BVLOS is possible under STS-02 (C6 drone), PDRA-G01 to G03 (BVLOS over sparsely populated areas with defined airspace/trajectory conditions) or a SORA-based DSAC authorisation. The former national S-2 scenario used for linear-infrastructure inspection ended on 1 Jan 2026: new declarations stopped on 1 Jan 2024, and the government stated (JO answer of 15 Jul 2025) that EU law allows no derogation or extension. Flights above 120 m additionally need agreement from regional airspace-management committees. |
| 夜间与人员上空 | Open category: night flight prohibited unless the prefect grants a derogation (request at least 30 days ahead); no overflight of gatherings; in public airspace within built-up areas (agglomération) Open-category flight is prohibited, so urban work falls in the Specific category. Specific category: derogations from a standard scenario for night or maximum height must be requested from the prefect at least 30 days in advance. A ministry answer (JO 11 Sep 2025) described plans for prefect-authorised professional urban Open-category flights; whether the 23 Dec 2025 amendment enacted this (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 靠近结构物 | Image capture is prohibited in ZICAD zones (sensitive sites, list fixed by the order of 2 Jan 2023); the prior obligation to declare aerial image capture was repealed. Other restrictions (regulated airspace, national-park cores, establishments signalling a low-altitude overflight ban) are published by the SIA and on the Géoportail map (0-120 m, mainland; does not show private helipads, seasonal nesting bans or temporary zones). Specific distances to nuclear plants or other infrastructure were not read (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 室内与受限空间 | Whether flights inside closed buildings are outside the drone rules (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 影像与隐私 | People present must at least be informed when a sensor can record them; publishing images that identify people needs their consent (or the owner's for property). GDPR/CNIL apply. The remote pilot is strictly liable for damage to people and property on the ground and must check that the activity is insured. |
| 近期变化 | 1 Jan 2024: no new national-scenario declarations; EU electronic signalling required in the Specific category. 23 Dec 2025: amendment of the arrêté of 3 Dec 2020 (airspace use). 1 Jan 2026: end of national scenarios S-1/S-2/S-3, full use of EU STS-01/STS-02; BAPD honour declarations invalid. Feb 2026: SORA guide version; March 2026: new Specific-category guide; July 2026: new transition FAQ (could not be opened: page under maintenance). |
如果同一次飞行还涉及拍摄，航拍指南介绍了法国无人机航拍的规则与来源。
关于一般飞行规则（不仅限于检查），请参阅法国无人机的关键规则（法语）。
来源
- Exploitation de drones en catégorie spécifique已读全文
- Exploitation de drones en catégorie ouverte已读全文
- Question écrite n° 7398 et réponse du ministre (JO 10 juin 2025 / 15 juillet 2025)已读全文
- Question écrite de Mme Berthet (07/08/2025) et réponse (11/09/2025)已读全文
- FAQ Transition européenne UAS仅看过搜索摘要
来源已核对: 2026-10-22