Airffic Inspection无人机巡检未来指南

REGULATIONS / CH

瑞士：检查用无人机规则

瑞士自 2023 年起在 FOCA（BAZL）的监管下，在国家规则之外同时适用欧盟无人机规则。带相机的无人机必须注册，250 g 及以上的无人机须至少投保 100 万瑞士法郎的责任保险。BVLOS 巡检可采用 STS-02（C6 级、人烟稀少地区、受控地面区域）、PDRA 或基于 SORA 的授权；机场、野生动物保护区和监狱附近禁止飞行或需要许可，但针对电厂或铁路的规则尚未得到确认。

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各字段按研究笔记的语言记录。

主管部门連邦民間航空局 (FOCA / BAZL / OFAC) / Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA / BAZL / OFAC); cantons and municipalities may add environmental and personal-protection restrictions
主要框架EU Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945 have applied in Switzerland since 2023 (via the EU-Swiss air transport agreement), alongside Swiss national rules; FOCA pages cite Regulation (EU) 2019/947 throughout. Some cantons and municipalities set additional restrictions.
注册Most operators must register with FOCA via UAS.gate (free, CH-Login). Drones under 250 g are exempt only if they cannot capture personal data; any drone with a camera must be registered. Liability insurance of at least CHF 1 million is required for drones of 250 g and heavier (recommended for lighter ones).
远程识别（Remote ID）FOCA operates a network identification service (operator UAS number, serial number, position, altitude, route, speed, pilot/take-off location, emergency status; no personal data) for U-space participants and authorities. No USSPs were approved yet as of FOCA's FAQ update of 27 Nov 2024. Compliance dates for direct Remote ID in Switzerland (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
飞手执照Open: online course and test (75% pass) for drones 250 g+; A2 requires an exam; certificates valid 5 years and mutually recognised with the EU; minimum age 12 (ch.ch). STS: valid A1/A3 plus an in-person STS theory exam at FOCA Ittigen or the Illnau/Lausanne centres (40 questions, 30 for A2 holders; 75%; CHF 20; registered via dLIS) and practical training from a FOCA-recognised entity; valid 5 years.
风险类别Open (C0-C4 class determines A1-A3) / Specific (FOCA: STS-01 and STS-02 by declaration, PDRA by compliance matrix without class label, SORA, LUC, SPRAY authorisation for spraying, recognised/qualified entities) / Certified. STS-01: VLOS, below 120 m, controlled ground area, may be over populated areas (>300 people/km2), C5 (or C3 with C5 kit). STS-02: BVLOS, below 120 m, controlled ground area, sparsely populated (<300/km2), C6. STS declaration fee CHF 80; FOCA issues a Confirmation of Receipt and Completeness valid 2 years (page modified 27 Oct 2025).
超视距（BVLOS）BVLOS through STS-02 (C6 drone, sparsely populated area, controlled ground area), a PDRA, or a SORA-based FOCA authorisation (FOCA publishes SORA guidance material, e.g. on air-risk assessment). Operations authorised under PDRA/SORA by another EASA state need a cross-border application to FOCA.
夜间与人员上空Since 2023 overflight of gatherings (e.g. weddings, public events) is not allowed in the Open category; the operating class sets distances to uninvolved people. Swiss night rules (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
靠近结构物Flying is banned or needs permission near airfields, in wildlife protection areas and near prisons; zones and permit contacts are shown on the FOCA drone map and the swisstopo app. Rules for power plants, industrial sites or railways (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
室内与受限空间Treatment of indoor flights under Swiss rules (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).
影像与隐私Camera drones must be registered because they can capture personal data. Revised Federal Act on Data Protection (2023) applies (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). Violations of the Aviation Act can bring fines up to CHF 20,000 or imprisonment.
近期变化2023: EU drone rules applied in Switzerland; Open-category ban on flying over gatherings. 27 Nov 2024: U-space FAQ update (no USSP approved yet). 27 Oct 2025: STS page and STS exam guidance updated. Later changes (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22).

如果同一次飞行还涉及拍摄，航拍指南介绍了瑞士无人机航拍的规则与来源。

来源

来源已核对: 2026-10-22