CASE C23 · US · 2018
NJDOT：高速公路互通立交 244 根高杆灯的无人机检查成本比较
2018年，新泽西州交通厅（NJDOT）比较了对高速公路立交处 244 根高杆灯进行无人机巡检的成本。与用斗臂车逐根检查相比，无人机便宜得多，但其直接成本高于现行的地面检查方法。只有在将避免封闭车道的收益折算成金额后，无人机才略占上风。
| 业主 | New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) |
| 服务商 | Cambridge Systematics (research contractor) |
| 地点 | New Jersey, United States |
| 机型 | UAS (model not named) |
| 传感器 | HD video, 20 MP stills |
引入前
两名工程师在地面用望远镜检查；约 10% 的灯杆需要斗臂车复查，有时需要封闭路肩或车道。过去每根灯杆都用斗臂车检查。
引入无人机后
一名飞手加两名工程师用无人机为每根灯杆成像，对疑似缺陷近距离拍照；灯杆基座、地脚螺栓和灯具仍通过其他方式检查。
成果
| 指标 | 数值 | 依据 |
|---|---|---|
| labour-hours per cycle | UAS 1,476 vs traditional 1,264–1,552 vs bucket truck (all poles) 3,312 | 估算 |
| direct cost per cycle | UAS $186,025 vs traditional $167,600–177,667 vs bucket truck $477,022 | 估算 |
| total cost incl. safety and efficiency | UAS $186,025 vs traditional $190,988–201,055 | 估算 |
注意事项与局限
- On direct cost the drone was more expensive than the ground-based traditional method; it came out ahead only after monetising avoided closures and follow-up trips.
- Six of 244 poles could not be flown (ground cover, airspace, or need to cross live traffic, which NJDOT does not allow).
- Savings depend on an assumed 10% defect rate; the report's efficiency figure is internally inconsistent ($1,736 vs $1,666 per pole).
- Desk-based cost model from a research study, not a multi-year operational record.
除了比较成本，物流指南还探讨了配送收入究竟来自哪里。
逐根电杆巡视是一个路径规划问题，配送研究探讨的是同样的结构。见物流指南的论文卡片Exact methods for the traveling salesman problem with drone。
来源
- High Mast Drone Inspection (Report NJ-2018-003)New Jersey DOT Bureau of Research / USDOT ROSA P 已读全文
来源已核对: 2026-10-22