REGULATIONS / US
Amerika Serikat: aturan drone untuk inspeksi
Inspeksi komersial di AS berjalan di bawah Part 107, yang mewajibkan pendaftaran, Remote ID (sejak September 2023), dan Remote Pilot Certificate. Penerbangan malam dan penerbangan di atas orang telah diizinkan tanpa waiver, dengan syarat tertentu, sejak April 2021. Dalam jarak 400 ft dari suatu struktur, drone boleh naik hingga 400 ft di atas puncak struktur. Hal ini membantu inspeksi menara dan cerobong. BVLOS tetap memerlukan waiver atau exemption. Part 108 diusulkan pada Agustus 2025 dan aturan final disampaikan kepada OIRA pada Juli 2026, tetapi penerbitannya belum dapat dikonfirmasi sampai Oktober 2026.
Sudah dicocokkan dengan sumber resmi
Isian dicatat dalam bahasa catatan riset.
| Otoritas | 米国連邦航空局 (FAA) / Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) |
| Kerangka utama | 14 CFR Part 107 (Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, <55 lb); 14 CFR Part 89 (Remote ID); proposed 14 CFR Part 108 (BVLOS) – NPRM only. |
| Registrasi | Part 107 drones must be registered regardless of weight ($5, valid 3 years, via FAADroneZone) and marked with the registration number. Recreational flyers register only above 250 g (0.55 lb) (threshold from prior knowledge, not re-read this session). |
| Remote ID | Since 16 September 2023, drones requiring registration must broadcast Remote ID (standard RID or broadcast module) unless flown inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA). FAA enforcement discretion ended 16 March 2024 (date from prior knowledge). |
| Perizinan pilot | Remote Pilot Certificate: age 16+, English proficiency, pass the UAG aeronautical knowledge test, apply via IACRA (Form 8710-13); recurrent online training every 24 months. |
| Kategori risiko | Part 107 has no Open/Specific split; operations over people use Categories 1-4 (by aircraft weight/injury severity and means of compliance). Larger or BVLOS operations currently rely on waivers, Section 44807 exemptions or type certification (Part 21.17(b)). |
| BVLOS | In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part 108 (NPRM published 7 Aug 2025, 90 FR 38212; comments closed 6 Oct 2025, reopened 28 Jan-11 Feb 2026 on right-of-way/electronic conspicuity) would create operating permits (lower risk, e.g. aerial surveying up to 110 lb in population density category ≤3) and operating certificates (higher risk, SMS required), MTOW up to 1,320 lb, below 400 ft AGL, with DAA and Remote ID broadcast. The final rule was sent to OIRA on 10 July 2026; as of early-mid October 2026 secondary trackers report it still unpublished. Status as of 2026-10-22: proposal, not in force (not confirmed in the Federal Register). |
| Malam dan penerbangan di atas orang | Operations Over People and Night rule effective 21 April 2021: night flight allowed without waiver with updated training and anti-collision lighting; over people/moving vehicles allowed under Categories 1-4 conditions. Controlled-airspace night flights still need LAANC/DroneZone authorization. |
| Di dekat struktur | 14 CFR 107.51(b): max 400 ft AGL, except a drone may fly higher if within a 400 ft radius of a structure and not more than 400 ft above its highest point (useful for tall towers/chimneys). Part 108 NPRM includes provisions for 'shielded' areas near structures; details not verified this session. Section 2209 (critical infrastructure flight restrictions) rulemaking status: unverified. |
| Dalam ruangan dan ruang terbatas | FAA generally does not regulate flights fully indoors (not in the National Airspace System); this is long-standing FAA guidance but was not re-verified on an official page this session. |
| Pencitraan dan privasi | No federal drone privacy rule; privacy and trespass are state law matters (many states have drone-specific statutes). Not reviewed in detail. |
| Perubahan terbaru | 2024-03-16: end of Remote ID enforcement discretion. 2025-06-06: Executive Order 14307 directed BVLOS rulemaking. 2025-08-07: Part 108 NPRM. 2026-01-28 to 2026-02-11: reopened comment window. 2026-07-10: final rule at OIRA. As of 2026-10-22, no final Part 108 confirmed. |
Jika penerbangan yang sama juga mencakup perekaman, panduan Aerial membahas aturan dan sumber perekaman dengan drone di Amerika Serikat.
Untuk aturan terbang umum, tidak hanya untuk inspeksi, lihat aturan utama drone di Amerika Serikat.
Sumber
- FAA – Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial OperatorsTeks lengkap sudah dibaca
- eCFR 14 CFR 107.51 Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraftTeks lengkap sudah dibaca
- DLA Piper – FAA proposes comprehensive BVLOS UAS regulatory framework (Aug 2025)Teks lengkap sudah dibaca
- Airdata – FAA Part 108 Explained (2026)Teks lengkap sudah dibaca
- DroneRanker – FAA Part 108 BVLOS Rule Status (Oct 2026)Teks lengkap sudah dibaca
Sumber diperiksa: 2026-10-22