REGULATIONS / US
Estados Unidos: normas de drones para inspección
La inspección comercial en EE. UU. se rige por la Part 107, que exige registro, Remote ID (desde septiembre de 2023) y un Remote Pilot Certificate. El vuelo nocturno y el vuelo sobre personas están permitidos sin exenciones, con condiciones, desde abril de 2021. A menos de 400 ft de una estructura, un dron puede subir hasta 400 ft por encima de la parte superior de la estructura, lo que ayuda en la inspección de torres y chimeneas. El BVLOS aún necesita una exención o excepción. La Part 108 se propuso en agosto de 2025 y la norma final pasó a la OIRA en julio de 2026, pero su publicación no pudo confirmarse a octubre de 2026.
Verificado con fuentes oficiales
Los campos se registran en el idioma de las notas de investigación.
| Autoridad | 米国連邦航空局 (FAA) / Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) |
| Marco principal | 14 CFR Part 107 (Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, <55 lb); 14 CFR Part 89 (Remote ID); proposed 14 CFR Part 108 (BVLOS) – NPRM only. |
| Registro | Part 107 drones must be registered regardless of weight ($5, valid 3 years, via FAADroneZone) and marked with the registration number. Recreational flyers register only above 250 g (0.55 lb) (threshold from prior knowledge, not re-read this session). |
| Remote ID | Since 16 September 2023, drones requiring registration must broadcast Remote ID (standard RID or broadcast module) unless flown inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA). FAA enforcement discretion ended 16 March 2024 (date from prior knowledge). |
| Licencia de piloto | Remote Pilot Certificate: age 16+, English proficiency, pass the UAG aeronautical knowledge test, apply via IACRA (Form 8710-13); recurrent online training every 24 months. |
| Categorías de riesgo | Part 107 has no Open/Specific split; operations over people use Categories 1-4 (by aircraft weight/injury severity and means of compliance). Larger or BVLOS operations currently rely on waivers, Section 44807 exemptions or type certification (Part 21.17(b)). |
| BVLOS | In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part 108 (NPRM published 7 Aug 2025, 90 FR 38212; comments closed 6 Oct 2025, reopened 28 Jan-11 Feb 2026 on right-of-way/electronic conspicuity) would create operating permits (lower risk, e.g. aerial surveying up to 110 lb in population density category ≤3) and operating certificates (higher risk, SMS required), MTOW up to 1,320 lb, below 400 ft AGL, with DAA and Remote ID broadcast. The final rule was sent to OIRA on 10 July 2026; as of early-mid October 2026 secondary trackers report it still unpublished. Status as of 2026-10-22: proposal, not in force (not confirmed in the Federal Register). |
| Nocturno y sobre personas | Operations Over People and Night rule effective 21 April 2021: night flight allowed without waiver with updated training and anti-collision lighting; over people/moving vehicles allowed under Categories 1-4 conditions. Controlled-airspace night flights still need LAANC/DroneZone authorization. |
| Cerca de estructuras | 14 CFR 107.51(b): max 400 ft AGL, except a drone may fly higher if within a 400 ft radius of a structure and not more than 400 ft above its highest point (useful for tall towers/chimneys). Part 108 NPRM includes provisions for 'shielded' areas near structures; details not verified this session. Section 2209 (critical infrastructure flight restrictions) rulemaking status: unverified. |
| Interior y confinado | FAA generally does not regulate flights fully indoors (not in the National Airspace System); this is long-standing FAA guidance but was not re-verified on an official page this session. |
| Imágenes y privacidad | No federal drone privacy rule; privacy and trespass are state law matters (many states have drone-specific statutes). Not reviewed in detail. |
| Cambios recientes | 2024-03-16: end of Remote ID enforcement discretion. 2025-06-06: Executive Order 14307 directed BVLOS rulemaking. 2025-08-07: Part 108 NPRM. 2026-01-28 to 2026-02-11: reopened comment window. 2026-07-10: final rule at OIRA. As of 2026-10-22, no final Part 108 confirmed. |
Si el mismo vuelo incluye también filmación, la guía Aerial trata normas y fuentes para la filmación con drones en Estados Unidos.
Para las normas generales de vuelo, no solo para inspección, véase las normas clave de drones en Estados Unidos.
Fuentes
- FAA – Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial OperatorsTexto completo leído
- eCFR 14 CFR 107.51 Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraftTexto completo leído
- DLA Piper – FAA proposes comprehensive BVLOS UAS regulatory framework (Aug 2025)Texto completo leído
- Airdata – FAA Part 108 Explained (2026)Texto completo leído
- DroneRanker – FAA Part 108 BVLOS Rule Status (Oct 2026)Texto completo leído
Fuentes comprobadas: 2026-10-22