REGULATIONS / US
アメリカのドローン規制と点検
米国の商用点検はPart 107が基本で、機体登録・リモートID（2023年9月から）・遠隔操縦士証明が必要です。夜間や人の上空は2021年4月から条件付きで免除なしに可能になりました。構造物から半径400 ft以内なら、その頂部から400 ftまで飛行できるため、鉄塔や煙突の点検に有利です。目視外飛行は現状では個別の免除（waiver）が必要で、Part 108は2025年8月に案が公表され、2026年7月に最終規則がOIRA審査に回ったものの、2026年10月時点で公布は確認できていません。
公式資料で確認
各項目は調査時の原文の言語で記録しとる。
| 当局 | 米国連邦航空局 (FAA) / Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) |
| 主な法令 | 14 CFR Part 107 (Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, <55 lb); 14 CFR Part 89 (Remote ID); proposed 14 CFR Part 108 (BVLOS) – NPRM only. |
| 登録 | Part 107 drones must be registered regardless of weight ($5, valid 3 years, via FAADroneZone) and marked with the registration number. Recreational flyers register only above 250 g (0.55 lb) (threshold from prior knowledge, not re-read this session). |
| リモートID | Since 16 September 2023, drones requiring registration must broadcast Remote ID (standard RID or broadcast module) unless flown inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA). FAA enforcement discretion ended 16 March 2024 (date from prior knowledge). |
| 操縦資格 | Remote Pilot Certificate: age 16+, English proficiency, pass the UAG aeronautical knowledge test, apply via IACRA (Form 8710-13); recurrent online training every 24 months. |
| リスク区分 | Part 107 has no Open/Specific split; operations over people use Categories 1-4 (by aircraft weight/injury severity and means of compliance). Larger or BVLOS operations currently rely on waivers, Section 44807 exemptions or type certification (Part 21.17(b)). |
| 目視外飛行（BVLOS） | In force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part 108 (NPRM published 7 Aug 2025, 90 FR 38212; comments closed 6 Oct 2025, reopened 28 Jan-11 Feb 2026 on right-of-way/electronic conspicuity) would create operating permits (lower risk, e.g. aerial surveying up to 110 lb in population density category ≤3) and operating certificates (higher risk, SMS required), MTOW up to 1,320 lb, below 400 ft AGL, with DAA and Remote ID broadcast. The final rule was sent to OIRA on 10 July 2026; as of early-mid October 2026 secondary trackers report it still unpublished. Status as of 2026-10-22: proposal, not in force (not confirmed in the Federal Register). |
| 夜間・人の上空 | Operations Over People and Night rule effective 21 April 2021: night flight allowed without waiver with updated training and anti-collision lighting; over people/moving vehicles allowed under Categories 1-4 conditions. Controlled-airspace night flights still need LAANC/DroneZone authorization. |
| 構造物の近く | 14 CFR 107.51(b): max 400 ft AGL, except a drone may fly higher if within a 400 ft radius of a structure and not more than 400 ft above its highest point (useful for tall towers/chimneys). Part 108 NPRM includes provisions for 'shielded' areas near structures; details not verified this session. Section 2209 (critical infrastructure flight restrictions) rulemaking status: unverified. |
| 屋内・閉鎖空間 | FAA generally does not regulate flights fully indoors (not in the National Airspace System); this is long-standing FAA guidance but was not re-verified on an official page this session. |
| 撮影・プライバシー | No federal drone privacy rule; privacy and trespass are state law matters (many states have drone-specific statutes). Not reviewed in detail. |
| 最近の変更 | 2024-03-16: end of Remote ID enforcement discretion. 2025-06-06: Executive Order 14307 directed BVLOS rulemaking. 2025-08-07: Part 108 NPRM. 2026-01-28 to 2026-02-11: reopened comment window. 2026-07-10: final rule at OIRA. As of 2026-10-22, no final Part 108 confirmed. |
出典
- FAA – Certificated Remote Pilots including Commercial Operators本文確認
- eCFR 14 CFR 107.51 Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft本文確認
- DLA Piper – FAA proposes comprehensive BVLOS UAS regulatory framework (Aug 2025)本文確認
- Airdata – FAA Part 108 Explained (2026)本文確認
- DroneRanker – FAA Part 108 BVLOS Rule Status (Oct 2026)本文確認
参照確認日: 2026-10-22