Airffic InspectionLe guide d’avenir de l’inspection par drone

REGULATIONS / US

États-Unis: règles applicables aux drones d’inspection

Aux États-Unis, l’inspection commerciale relève de la Part 107, qui exige l’immatriculation, le Remote ID (depuis septembre 2023) et un Remote Pilot Certificate. Le vol de nuit et le survol de personnes sont autorisés sans dérogation, sous conditions, depuis avril 2021. À moins de 400 ft d’une structure, un drone peut monter jusqu’à 400 ft au-dessus du sommet de la structure, ce qui facilite l’inspection des pylônes et des cheminées. Le vol hors vue nécessite toujours une dérogation ou une exemption. La Part 108 a été proposée en août 2025 et la règle finale a été transmise à l’OIRA en juillet 2026, mais sa publication n’a pas pu être confirmée en octobre 2026.

Vérifié auprès des sources officielles

Les champs sont consignés dans la langue des notes de recherche.

Autorité米国連邦航空局 (FAA) / Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Cadre principal14 CFR Part 107 (Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems, <55 lb); 14 CFR Part 89 (Remote ID); proposed 14 CFR Part 108 (BVLOS) – NPRM only.
ImmatriculationPart 107 drones must be registered regardless of weight ($5, valid 3 years, via FAADroneZone) and marked with the registration number. Recreational flyers register only above 250 g (0.55 lb) (threshold from prior knowledge, not re-read this session).
Identification à distanceSince 16 September 2023, drones requiring registration must broadcast Remote ID (standard RID or broadcast module) unless flown inside an FAA-Recognized Identification Area (FRIA). FAA enforcement discretion ended 16 March 2024 (date from prior knowledge).
Licence de télépiloteRemote Pilot Certificate: age 16+, English proficiency, pass the UAG aeronautical knowledge test, apply via IACRA (Form 8710-13); recurrent online training every 24 months.
Catégories de risquePart 107 has no Open/Specific split; operations over people use Categories 1-4 (by aircraft weight/injury severity and means of compliance). Larger or BVLOS operations currently rely on waivers, Section 44807 exemptions or type certification (Part 21.17(b)).
BVLOSIn force today: BVLOS only via a Part 107.31 waiver or 44807 exemption; many linear-infrastructure inspection waivers exist. Proposed Part 108 (NPRM published 7 Aug 2025, 90 FR 38212; comments closed 6 Oct 2025, reopened 28 Jan-11 Feb 2026 on right-of-way/electronic conspicuity) would create operating permits (lower risk, e.g. aerial surveying up to 110 lb in population density category ≤3) and operating certificates (higher risk, SMS required), MTOW up to 1,320 lb, below 400 ft AGL, with DAA and Remote ID broadcast. The final rule was sent to OIRA on 10 July 2026; as of early-mid October 2026 secondary trackers report it still unpublished. Status as of 2026-10-22: proposal, not in force (not confirmed in the Federal Register).
Nuit et survol de personnesOperations Over People and Night rule effective 21 April 2021: night flight allowed without waiver with updated training and anti-collision lighting; over people/moving vehicles allowed under Categories 1-4 conditions. Controlled-airspace night flights still need LAANC/DroneZone authorization.
Près des ouvrages14 CFR 107.51(b): max 400 ft AGL, except a drone may fly higher if within a 400 ft radius of a structure and not more than 400 ft above its highest point (useful for tall towers/chimneys). Part 108 NPRM includes provisions for 'shielded' areas near structures; details not verified this session. Section 2209 (critical infrastructure flight restrictions) rulemaking status: unverified.
Intérieur et confinéFAA generally does not regulate flights fully indoors (not in the National Airspace System); this is long-standing FAA guidance but was not re-verified on an official page this session.
Images et vie privéeNo federal drone privacy rule; privacy and trespass are state law matters (many states have drone-specific statutes). Not reviewed in detail.
Changements récents2024-03-16: end of Remote ID enforcement discretion. 2025-06-06: Executive Order 14307 directed BVLOS rulemaking. 2025-08-07: Part 108 NPRM. 2026-01-28 to 2026-02-11: reopened comment window. 2026-07-10: final rule at OIRA. As of 2026-10-22, no final Part 108 confirmed.

Si le même vol comporte aussi du tournage, le guide Aerial couvre règles et sources pour filmer par drone aux États-Unis.

Pour les règles de vol générales, et pas seulement pour l’inspection, voir les principales règles sur les drones aux États-Unis.

Sources

Sources vérifiées: 2026-10-22