Light Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for Cooperative Inspection of PV Plants

一次早期的光伏电站热成像加可见光巡检的现场试验，使用两架协同无人机：大型固定翼负责总览，小型电动多旋翼负责近距离观察。在意大利北部一座 200 kW、810 块组件的电站中，它发现了热斑、遮挡和电池片裂纹、一处玻璃破损以及蜗牛纹，并通过带 GPS 标签的图像定位故障组件。作者初步估计，对于 0.2-1 MW 的电站，系统成本低于年度维护成本的 5%。

主要发现

• Test site: 200 kW, 810 polycrystalline modules, northern Italy
• Detected hot spots, shading/cracked cells, glass breakage and snail trails
• Overview aircraft was too far to diagnose some hot areas; close-up multirotor needed
• Estimated cost below 5% of annual maintenance cost for a 0.2-1 MW plant (preliminary)

局限

• Single plant; authors call it a preliminary validation
• No detection rates, altitude or inspection-time figures reported
• Fault cause still needed visual confirmation; automatic defect linking left to future work
• Requires civil aviation permits