REGULATIONS / DE
ドイツのドローン規制と点検
ドイツはEU規則2019/947・945に、航空交通令（LuftVO）§21hの地理的区域を上乗せしています。工場・中央発電/送配電設備・軍事施設などから水平100 m以内は施設側または当局の明示の同意が必要で、高速道路・鉄道・連邦水路の100 m以内は、高度を横距離より低く保ち10 m超離れる、Specificカテゴリーでリスク評価するなどの条件で飛べます。目視外点検はSpecificカテゴリーの許可（STS-02・PDRA・SORA）が必要で、許可の窓口はLBAと州航空当局に分かれており、第三者賠償保険は義務です。
公式資料で確認
各項目は調査時の原文の言語で記録しとる。
| 当局 | 連邦航空局 (LBA)、州航空当局、連邦交通省 (BMV) / Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (LBA) for operator registration, remote-pilot exams and certificates, LUCs and the certified category; Länder aviation authorities (Landesluftfahrtbehörden) for Specific-category operating authorisations, supervision of Open-category operations and geographic-zone permits; Federal Ministry of Transport (BMV) |
| 主な法令 | EU Regulations 2019/947 and 2019/945, supplemented by the Luftverkehrs-Ordnung (LuftVO) §§21a-21k (competences, geographic zones §21h, exceptions §21i, geo-awareness publication §21j, authority exemptions §21k). LuftVO as last amended by Art. 28 of the Act of 18 Dec 2025 (BGBl. 2025 I Nr. 347). Liability insurance is required by §43 LuftVG. |
| 登録 | Operators register with the LBA (individuals themselves; companies register the legal entity). Registration thresholds follow EU rules (EASA: required for C1 and above and for 250 g-25 kg legacy drones; for C0/under-250 g only if fitted with a camera/sensor and not a toy). Third-party liability insurance is mandatory under §43 LuftVG; flying uninsured is an administrative offence. |
| リモートID | EU direct Remote ID applies (EASA states all Open-category drones need remote identification with limited exceptions). LuftVO §21k(3) exempts authorities and security organisations on statutory tasks from fitting add-on direct Remote ID devices. National detail beyond this (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 操縦資格 | LBA administers EU competence: A1/A3 'EU-Kompetenznachweis' and A2 'EU-Fernpilotenzeugnis' (§21a), and Specific-category exams/certificates (§21b). The LBA designates exam bodies and recognises practical-training bodies for two-year renewable periods (§21e). |
| リスク区分 | Open (A1/A2/A3; A2 30 m from uninvolved persons, 5 m in low-speed mode; A3 150 m from residential, commercial, industrial or recreational areas) / Specific (STS declaration, PDRA or SORA-based operating authorisation) / Certified (LBA). |
| 目視外飛行（BVLOS） | BVLOS is in the Specific category: an STS-02 declaration or an operating authorisation based on PDRA or SORA. Authorisation application needs operations manual, risk assessment (PDRA or SORA) and operating area; fees EUR 200-2,000 (initial), processing 2-24 weeks depending on SAIL, validity 2 years. The federal service description (approved 4 Dec 2023, marked for deletion) splits competence: LBA for operators seated in BY, BE, BB, MV, NW, SL, SN, ST, TH, Land authorities elsewhere, LUC holders always LBA; the current LuftVO §21b(2) assigns operating authorisations to the Land authority of the operator's residence/seat. Confirm the competent office before applying. |
| 夜間・人の上空 | Open-category subcategory rules from EU law apply. LuftVO has no general national night rule; §21h(3) no.7 bars overflight of residential properties without consent between 22:00 and 06:00 even under its 100 m-height exception. EU green-light requirement for night flights (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 構造物の近く | LuftVO §21h(3) geographic zones relevant to inspection: (no.3) within 100 m laterally of industrial plants, prisons, military sites, central power generation and distribution facilities (grid-connected plants other than decentralised generation under §3(25) EnWG) and BSL-4 labs, flights need explicit consent of the competent authority or facility operator; (no.5) within 100 m of federal motorways, federal waterways and rail installations, flights are allowed if (a) for overflight of motorways/rail the operation is in the Specific category with the risk addressed in the Art. 11 assessment, or (b) the authority/operator consents, or (c) height above ground stays below the lateral distance and the lateral distance stays over 10 m, or (d) for waterways, at least 100 m height, shortest crossing and no overflight of ships, locks, weirs or moorings; (no.10) hospitals 100 m with operator consent; (no.2) airports 1,000 m laterally plus 5 km along extended centrelines, Specific category only; (no.1) other aerodromes 1.5 km; (no.9) control zones need ATC clearance; (no.7) residential properties need owner consent (exceptions for 250 g without recording equipment, or 100 m+ height under strict conditions). Land authorities may grant exceptions (§21i); a geographic-zone permit application needs insurance, competence proof, maps, owner consent and possibly DFS release, with fees EUR 50-3,500 (service approved 21 May 2025). Zones are published for geo-awareness (§21j) but apply even if unpublished. |
| 屋内・閉鎖空間 | LuftVO §§21a-21k contain no provisions on flights inside buildings. Whether EU rules apply indoors (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 撮影・プライバシー | LuftVO §21h(3) no.7 protects residential properties (consent, or strict conditions including prior notification and protection of privacy). GDPR/BDSG apply to imagery (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). |
| 最近の変更 | LuftVO amended most recently by Art. 28 of the Act of 18 Dec 2025 (BGBl. 2025 I Nr. 347); the content of that amendment was not read (not verified against an official source, 2026-10-22). 21 May 2025: federal service description for geographic-zone permits approved. Earlier: 1 Jan 2024 end of EU Open-category transition (EASA). |
出典
- § 21h LuftVO – Betrieb von unbemannten Fluggeräten in geografischen Gebieten本文確認
- Luftverkehrs-Ordnung (LuftVO) – full text本文確認
- Drohnen – Einstieg (2022 article)本文確認
- Betriebsgenehmigung für UAS in der Betriebskategorie 'speziell' beantragen (FIM service text)本文確認
- Geografische Genehmigung für unbemannte Fluggeräte – Erteilung (FIM service text)本文確認
- Open Category – Low Risk – Civil Drones本文確認
参照確認日: 2026-10-22