Thermal Infrared and Visual Inspection of Photovoltaic Installations by UAV Photogrammetry—Application Case: Morocco

一项利用小型无人机和摄影测量构建光伏组件可见光与热成像正射影像的案例研究，用于发现积灰、电池片裂纹和热斑。在摩洛哥的小型装机上，地面采样距离约 1 mm 和 2 mm 的影像中，1 mm 时裂纹清晰可见，2 mm 时则不太明显。机载 80x60 px 热成像相机对大多数数据集而言过于粗糙，而来自瑞士一座 5,012 块组件电站的数据得出的热斑与运营方的报告一致。

主要发现

• Cracks on four cells clearly visible at about 1 mm GSD, harder at about 2 mm
• Processing time cut by up to 86% by reducing overlap and changing parameters
• Onboard thermal sensor (80x60 px, 0.1 C sensitivity) too coarse for most datasets; thermal orthomosaic GSD 13.4 cm
• Swiss 5,012-module plant: hot spots extracted that matched the operator's report

局限

• Very small Moroccan test installations (about 39 modules)
• Manual thermal calibration; camera model lacked lens distortion values
• Inconsistent count of installations between sections
• Atmospheric effects and authorisation costs noted